The lower chant tone was sung in very long notes, and the melody was in shorter notes on top. Music of this kind is also known as Organum.Р”В«y the year 1100 the second line was allowed to become more independent, not being restricted to note-against-note style. The second line of melody duplicated the melody of the first, but with an interval of a few tones.

Monks at monasteries started to add second melody lines to the melodies. But the years of 700 to 900 were revolutionary to music. The development of Polyphony Р”Р‡or centuries, music was mostly monophonic with a single melody line. They were lucky enough to work in steady service and ability. That's their difference from Gregorian Chant which has no meter at all.Р”Вuring the middle ages wandering minstrels (or jongleurs) performed music and acrobatic tricks in castles, taverns, and town squares. They do not have a rhythm, yet they do have regular meter and definite beat. Over 1650 troubadour melodies have survived. Most written secular music was composed by troubadours between the 12th and 13th centuries.

In spite of Gregorian Chant domination, secular music was popular too.

One example of such folk music, which is in the Dorian mode, is 'What Shall We Do With Drunken Sailor?' A perfect example of Gregorian Chant is a well-known Alleluia. A lot of western folk music follows some of the Renaissance modes, either because as it has similar origins to them or has been influenced by them. By the time of the Renaissance, the 8 species developed into scales and 4 new scales were added which are generally called the Renaissance modes. The octave species were divided into two sets of 4 'authentic' and 4 'plagal' ranges. These 'species' are like scales but have no single tonality associated with them as modern scales do, and this is what makes Gregorian modes different from the later Renaissance modes. Gregorian Chant developed a system of 8 modes which are linked to 8 'species' of octaves. Gregorian chant is still used liturgically, and formed the basis for later polyphonic church music. The composers of Gregorian chant, like the sculptors who decorated early medieval churches, remain anonymous. Most of these chants were created between 6 CE. He is known for reorganizing and standardizing the liturgy during the period from 590 to 604. Gregorian chant is named after Pope Gregory I. The chants are now usually sung in a free-flowing style with notes of equal length, because scholars were in disagreement about whether or not the notation was intended to represent notes of various durations, although scholars now generally agree that the notation divides into sets of notes of longer and shorter values. Gregorian chants convey the calm, meditative atmosphere of the church prayers. The Mass, from the Renaissance Period consists of sacred Latin texts (with the exception of the Kyrie which is written in Greek) set to melody, and is traditionally sung monophonically without instrumental accompaniment (a cappella). 'Gregorian Chant' is the primary official liturgical music of the medieval Church.

The Organ was very prominent, however it was very primitive and quite different from the modern instruments. After 1100, instruments became more and more common in church. Most of medieval music was vocal, however some instruments were in common use. Boys received musical education in cathedral schools, while women were not allowed to sing (at least not as part of the church service). As the cathedrals dominated the medieval landscape and mind, most formal music was used in these churches. Many Romanesque churches and monasteries were established between 10 and, later, the Gothic cathedrals were established (1150-1400). The later period of Middle Ages is known for much more cultural growth. The beginning of this era was considered a 'dark age' by many Europeans, due to the many migrations, wars, and upheavals therein. The period of European History between 4 A.D. This instrument represented the scale of harmonics. The first discovered musical scale was on an instrument called the Guqin.

3.1 Characteristics of the Music in Renaissance.

2.5 14th Century, the 'New Art' in France.

Music an appreciation 12th edition